THE EFFECT OF EDUCATION EXPENDITURE, HEALTH EXPENDITURE, POVERTY RATE, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH ON THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX IN CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE

Abstract

Human development is one of the key indicators reflecting the level of social welfare in a region. Central Java has the lowest Human Development Index compared to other provinces on the island of Java. This study aims to analyze the effects of the independent variables, namely education expenditure, health expenditure, poverty rate, and economic growth, on the dependent variable, namely the Human Development Index in Central Java Province during the 2019–2024 period. The analytical method employed in this study is panel data regression analysis. The results indicate that, partially, education expenditure has a positive and significant effect on the Human Development Index, health expenditure has a negative and significant effect on the Human Development Index, the poverty rate has a negative and significant effect on the Human Development Index, and economic growth has a positive and significant effect on the Human Development Index.