HARDIPRENEURSHIP: A NOVEL CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR MIGRANT REINTEGRATION IN THE ERA OF ECONOMIC DISRUPTION

Abstract

Global economic disruption characterized by geopolitical uncertainty, technological acceleration, and market pressures has had a major impact on the economic resilience of vulnerable groups, including retired Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI). Many of them have difficulty adapting economically due to limited local skills, low digital literacy, and lack of psychosocial support. This research develops the concept of Hardipreneurship, which is an entrepreneurial approach based on mental resilience, which is built from the integration of positive psychology theory (hardiness) and entrepreneurship theory. The research uses an exploratory mixed method approach, with qualitative data collected through interviews and FGDs, as well as quantitative data through a survey of 250 retired migrants in Central Java Province. The research variables include six main components: hardiness, innovation & creativity, digital technology, socio-economic networks, adaptation to global disruptions, and readiness to become hardipreneurs. The instrument is developed from 17 dimensions and more than 30 indicators. The results of the exploration show that mental resilience, business innovation, and technological adaptation are the main factors in building the resilience of migrant retirees. This research offers a conceptual framework of Hardipreneurship that can be the basis for policies, entrepreneurship training, and empowerment of migrant retirees in a holistic and sustainable manner.