ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF RISK ASSESSMENT, COMPLIANCE WITH THE ISM CODE, ISPS CODE ON RISK AND SAFETY OF SHIPPING

Abstract

This study analyzes the influence of risk assessment and compliance with the ISM and ISPS Codes on maritime risk and safety. Motivated by the persistent occurrence of maritime accidents and security incidents despite the adoption of international safety regulations, the study applies a quantitative approach using a survey design targeting shipping companies across western, central, and eastern Indonesia. Hypotheses are developed based on the theoretical framework of maritime safety management and IMO regulatory standards. The study aims to contribute to the development of a digital transformation system based on electronic audits to support sustainable maritime safety and security. By integrating risk assessment, regulatory compliance, and the mediating role of safety risk, this study provides empirical evidence on how procedural and behavioral factors jointly influence maritime safety outcomes. The research employs Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the direct and indirect effects of each construct. The findings are expected to support the implementation of data-driven maritime safety strategies, promote proactive risk mitigation, and enhance organizational accountability through digital monitoring systems. Ultimately, the study offers insights into bridging the gap between international safety frameworks and local operational practices in Indonesia’s maritime sector.