NAVIGATING STRATEGIC ROLES OF NVOCCS IN LCL SHIPPING: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This study explores the strategic roles of Non-Vessel Operating Common Carriers (NVOCCs) in Less-than- Container Load (LCL) shipping, focusing on the Indonesian maritime logistics sector. Utilizing the PRISMA- guided Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology, 25 peer-reviewed articles from the Scopus database were analyzed to identify the critical functions and evolving practices of NVOCCs. The findings highlight the pivotal role NVOCCs play in cargo consolidation, enhancing access to global markets for small and medium-sized enterprises, and improving the overall efficiency of inter-island supply chains. Despite these benefits, the study reveals persistent barriers including regulatory inconsistencies, high logistics costs, and limited technological capacity, particularly for local NVOCCs. It also identifies emerging trends such as digitalization, environmental sustainability, and regulatory reforms that could enhance the strategic positioning of NVOCCs. The study offers valuable insights for policymakers, industry practitioners, and academics by bridging the gap between theoretical literature and operational realities in LCL shipping. The research strengthens Indonesia’s maritime logistics ecosystem and supports future innovation in the sector.