Proceedings of the International Conference on Rural Development and Entrepreneurship (ICORE)
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Rural Development and Entrepreneurship (ICORE 2026)
In collaboration with various parties, the Economic Planning Unit (EPU), the Implementation Coordination Unit (ICU), and the Prime Minister's Department have developed an initiative that can significantly impact Malaysian society, especially those from the extremely poor. The initiative is the Malaysian Family Extreme Poverty Eradication Program (BMTKM). The target of zero extreme poverty by the end of 2025 is the main goal of BMTKM. The extreme poor refers to individuals whose monthly household income is less than the Poverty Line Income (PGK), i.e. the income of the head of household (KIR) is less than RM560 per month. This research paper shows the success of one of the BMTKM participants, Puan Nazirah binti Hamdan, who escaped the extremely poor. Puan Nazirah has 4 children and a husband who is not healthy and is a farmer who only takes turns sowing seeds to harvest and taking a part-time wage cutting grass. Their household income is approximately RM1,600.00 (uncertain). With the government's initiative through BMTKM, she has now increased her household income and confidence, allowing her to find and attend relevant courses to expand her knowledge in the field of interest, sewing. This noble initiative of the Malaysian government, which is BMTKM, can increase household income together with the quality of life, especially for youth from the inferior and B40 category. Therefore, various initiatives of the Malaysian government such as certification, TVET training, focused skills development and others would shine a ray of light to improve and strengthen the future of the Malaysian community.
Copyright (c) 2026 Proceedings of the International Conference on Rural Development and Entrepreneurship (ICORE)
Research on the Measurement and Power Mechanism of Urban-Rural Integration Level in Hebei Province from the Perspective of Common Prosperity
Urban-rural integrated development is an important way to eliminate the Urban-rural dual economic structure gradually, as well as an inevitable choice for China's economic and social development. In order to eliminate the imbalance of urban-rural development and achieve common prosperity ultimately, it is of great practical significance to measure the level of urban-rural integration and to explore the power mechanism of its development. Based on the data of prefecture-level cities in Hebei Province from 2012 to 2022, taking into account the two dimensions of urban-rural integration power system and target system, this paper constructs an evaluation index system for the level of urban-rural integration development from the perspective of common prosperity, and calculates the level of urban-rural integration development in Hebei Province, studies its changes from multiple dimensions, and finally uses a spatial econometric model to study the power mechanism of urban-rural integration in Hebei Province. The results show that: (1) The overall trend of urban-rural integration in Hebei Province is positive, but the level is still low; (2) There is a large north-south gap in the spatial distribution of urban-rural integration among prefecture-level cities; (3) Government support, industrial structure adjustment, financial development, economic development level and fiscal decentralization will all affect the development process of urban-rural integration. Based on this, this paper proposes further targeted policy measures to promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas in Hebei Province.
The Influence Religiosity and Religious Scholars towards Mobile Banking Adoption amongst Islamic Banking Customer Moderated by Urban Rural Differences
This study examines the influence religion and religious scholars towards Islamic bank consumers to adopt mobile banking services, which could help in increasing the relatively low usage of mobile banking in Malaysia, as compared to other counties. Drawing upon the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour (DTPB) by means of Partial Lease Squares, this study examines the influence of religiosity and influence of religious scholars on the intention to adopt mobile banking. Religiosity, as in Shariah compliance is an important variable to examine due to the Islamisation of Malaysian society while Ulama, or religious intellectuals, are highly respected and influential in their communities. They give religious advice and issue fatwas to decide if mobile banking complies with Islamic norms. Furthermore, Ulama can promote awareness and trust by highlighting ethical issues and informing their followers about the advantages and practicality of mobile banking. Empirical result shows that Shariah compliance is insignificant while influence of Ulama is among the highly significant variable to influence mobile banking adoption intention in the urban states rather than rural.
Food Security and Rural Development in Malaysia: An Overview
Food security is a pressing global issue requiring robust strategies to ensure the availability, accessibility, and utilization of nutritious food for all. The Food Security Policy Action Plan 2021-2025 (DSMN Action Plan) addresses challenges along the food supply chain, from agricultural inputs to food waste management. This paper aims to establish a connection between the DSMN Action Plan and rural development efforts in Malaysia, emphasizing its alignment with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles to ensure sustainable and resilient food systems.
The Influence of Social Media and capital on the Development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Karawang Regency
The aim of this study is to examine and analyze the influence of social media and entrepreneurial capital on the growth of MSMEs in Karawang Regency. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) which will be an important role in improving the economy. In addition, MSMEs can overcome unemployment and improve community welfare. The development and role of MSMEs must be continuously enhanced as their ability to withstand various economic crises as well as create many jobs will certainly reduce the unemployment rate. The subject of this study are MSMEs used the most MSMEs of the Karawang Region for period of 2019, i.e., 58 MSMEs. Data collection is done by distributing questionnaires to MSMEs. This study used linear regression analysis techniques. The results of this study show that social media and entrepreneurial capital have a partial or simultaneous impact on the grow MSMEs in Karawang Regency
Entrepreneurial capital and MSME Development
Examining Social Capital among Poor Households: Community Ties versus Leadership Relations
This paper explores the social capital of individuals living in poverty, specifically examining their relationships within the family, community and with community leaders. We use a descriptive statistical method to explore the distribution of social capital and its association with income. Data collected from interviews with 1080 heads of poor households show that social relations within the family are generally strong. However, these relationships tend to weaken when it comes to interactions with community leaders, particularly as their hierarchical position increases. Our research findings indicate that, in some instances, there is a significant association between income and social relations within the community. This suggests that variations in income levels may influence the quality and extent of social interactions and relationships among community members, and vice versa. By understanding the dynamics of social capital among those living in poverty, it becomes possible to design more effective community development programs and interventions. Addressing the disparity in social relations between community members and leaders could enhance social cohesion and support poverty alleviation efforts, ultimately fostering a more inclusive and supportive community environment.
The Impact of Fiscal Decentralization towards Income Inequality in the Eastern Region of Indonesia
Inequality in income distribution is one of the most important problems in each country, especially in developing countries. The high inequality of income distribution is an indicator of low social welfare. Because of that, the income inequality problems must be resolved. In Indonesia, the Eastern Region has a higher income inequality than the Western Region. The government has implemented various programs to reduce income inequality in Indonesia, including fiscal policy. This research aims to analyze the influence of profit sharing, special allocation, general allocation, capital expenditure, and village funds on income inequality in Eastern Indonesia in the short and long term. The data used is panel data on ten provinces in the Eastern Region of Indonesia from 2012 2023 and sourced from the Ministry of Finance. The analysis technique used is the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) analysis. According to the GMM test, profit sharing and village funds negatively impact income inequality in the short and long term. In the short term, profit sharing funds can reduce income inequality by 0,0055 percent; in the long term, they can reduce it by 0,012 percent. Then, the village funds can reduce the income inequality to 0,02 in the short term and 0,05 in the long term. While general allocation funds, special allocation funds, and capital expenditure do not significantly affect income inequality in the short and long term. Based on this result, it is known that the balancing funds provided by the central government to the local government have yet to be fully able to reduce the income inequality in the Eastern Region of Indonesia. The implication of this study to local governments, particularly those in the Eastern Region of Indonesia, is that local governments should increase the optimization of general allocation funds, specific allocation funds, and capital expenditure to reduce income inequality. Then, profit sharing and village funds must also improve residents' welfare and reduce income inequality.
The "Five-Abilities Model": A New Theory of Entrepreneur Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Skill Development
Innovation and entrepreneurship are a necessary process for the growth of entrepreneurs. Based on "vision ability," "balance ability," "problem-solving ability," "emotional control ability," and "construction ability," this article constructs a "five abilities" model for modern innovation and entrepreneurship talent cultivation. It enhances the comprehensive quality of talents from knowledge, skills, emotions, and mentality, enhances social adaptability and market competitiveness, and provides theoretical support for the development of innovation and entrepreneurship.
Land Resource Misallocation, Upgrading of Industrial Structure, and Common Prosperity
China has reached the historical stage of solidly promoting common prosperity. The efficient and fair allocation of land elements has become an important factor affecting common prosperity. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2021, this paper uses panel fixed effect model, spatial Durbin model (SDM), mediation effect model and other measurement methods to explore the impact and mechanism of land resource misallocation and the upgrading of industrial structure on common prosperity. The result shows that the land resource misallocation significantly inhibits common prosperity and this conclusion is still valid after robustness tests. The mechanism test shows that the land resource misallocation inhibits the realization of common prosperity by hindering the upgrading of industrial structure. When the upgrading of industrial structure is used as a threshold variable, the land resource misallocation and common prosperity has the nonlinear influence characteristics of “inverted U-shaped”. Furthermore, the impact of the land resource misallocation on common prosperity also has a significant negative spatial spillover effect and this indirect effect is greater than the direct effect on the province. Heterogeneity test shows that the land resource misallocation in the eastern region has the most significant impact on common prosperity. The inhibitory effect of land resource misallocation on common prosperity in the post-stage of comprehensive poverty alleviation (2016-2021) is lower than that in the pre-stage of comprehensive poverty alleviation (2011-2015). Based on the research results, this paper puts forward corresponding policy recommendations to provide useful reference for promoting the rationalization of land resource allocation and achieving common prosperity.
The Impact of Renewable Energy Technology Innovation on the Low-Carbon Economic Transformation - Do Climate Risks and Policy Regulations Matter?
In the context of sustainable development, renewable energy technology innovation is not only a vital approach for enhancing energy efficiency but also a critical driver of low-carbon economic transformation. Throughout this process, the importance of climate risks and policy regulations has become increasingly apparent. This paper aims to empirically examine the impact of renewable energy technology innovation on the transition to a low-carbon economy by analyzing panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2021, with a particular focus on the moderating roles of climate risks and policy regulations. The main findings are summarized as follows: (1) renewable energy technology innovation contributes to low-carbon economic transformation, and this effect remains consistent after a series of robustness tests; (2) climate risk has a negative moderating effect on the transition to a low-carbon economy; (3) policy regulation can significantly promote low-carbon economic transformation. Additionally, we find that renewable energy technology innovation promotes low-carbon economic transformation by reducing air pollution intensity. Renewable energy technology innovation has a more significant effect on the low-carbon economy transition in regions with higher levels of economic development.
Can the 'Separation of Three Rights' Reform Promote Common Prosperity? —A Perspective Based on the Urban-Rural Income Gap
Narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas is the focus of China's common prosperity. The "Three Rights Separation" policy of rural land has improved the enthusiasm of all subjects to manage land by liberalizing the right to manage land, which will inevitably have an important impact on the income gap between urban and rural residents. Its degree of impact and mechanism of action deserve in-depth study. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2021, this paper first uses a continuous dual difference model to test the impact of the "Three Rights Separation" policy of rural land on the income gap between urban and rural areas; Secondly, by building a panel fixed effect model, this paper explores the mechanism of the "Three Rights Separation" policy of rural land on the income gap between urban and rural areas. The results show that the "Three Rights Separation" policy of rural land has significantly narrowed the income gap between urban and rural areas in China's provinces, which is still valid after the robustness test; The analysis of heterogeneity shows that the negative impact of the policy of "Three Rights Separation" of rural land on the income gap between urban and rural areas is more significant in areas with moderate income gap between urban and rural areas and balanced income gap between urban and rural areas; The analysis of impact mechanism shows that the policy of "Three Rights Separation" of rural land mainly plays a role in narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas by improving the level of agricultural mechanization. In the process of agricultural and rural modernization, China should adhere to measures such as liberalizing rural land management rights and protecting farmers' land rights and interests, and explore the way to achieve common prosperity in the coordinated development of "three rights" subjects.
The Nonlinear Impact of Land Price Distortion on Common Prosperity: Evidence from China
Land, as an essential resource to support economic and social development, is a key element affecting the process of common prosperity in China. Existing literature confirms that land price distortion significantly impacts the urban-rural income gap, economic growth and urbanization. However, the impact and mechanisms of land price distortion on common prosperity are still unclear. This paper explores the above issues based on the panel data of 30 provincial administrative regions in China from 2006 to 2020. The results find that the relationship between land price distortion and common prosperity is “inverted U-shaped”. Further analysis shows regional heterogeneity in the influence of land price distortion on common prosperity. Specifically, the eastern region has the above “inverted U-shaped” relationship between land price distortion and common prosperity, which is absent in the central, western, and northeastern areas. The mechanism analysis confirms the mediatory effects of population urbanization and housing price in the influence process. This paper provides policy recommendations for the government to rationally and effectively utilize land resources and achieve the goal of common prosperity.
New Quality Productivity Empowering Coordinated Development of Agriculture “Ecological-Economic” in Hebei Province：Based on the perspective of National Agricultural Science and Technology Parks
In order to promote the coordinated development of agriculture "ecology-economy" in Hebei Province, and to give full play to the local effect of the National Agricultural Science and Technology Parks(NASPs), this paper considers NASPs as an important part and carrier of agricultural new quality productivity. In this paper, NASPs are regarded as an important part and carrier of the new quality productivity of agriculture, and based on the panel data of 137 districts and counties in Hebei Province from 2007 to 2021, the impact of NASPs on the coordinated development of the agriculture, ecology and economy of Hebei Province is evaluated by using the DID method.The results show that the level of the coordinated development of agriculture ecological-economic in Hebei Province shows an upward trend in the study interval; the construction of the NASPs significantly improve the level of the coordinated development of agriculture ecological-economic in Hebei Province with a lag, a finding that is still robust after a series of tests such as the placebo test; and the analysis of mediating effects shows that the NASPs promote the coordinated development of agriculture ecological-economic in Hebei Province mainly by increasing the level of local innovations and decreasing the chemical The mediating effect analysis shows that the NASPs mainly the coordinated development of agriculture ecological-economic in Hebei Province by increasing the local innovation level and reducing the intensity of chemical inputs. Therefore, in the future policy formulation, we should promote the development of new agricultural productivity and improve the coordinated development of agriculture ecological-economic in Hebei Province by building NASPs according to local conditions, promoting new agricultural production methods, and broadening the channels of sharing and evaluating information about the NASPs.
national agricultural science and technology parks
coordinated development of agriculture ecological-economic
Optimizing Rural Development: Addressing the Challenges of Redundant Entrepreneurship Training Programs to Enhance Economic Sustainability
The efficacy of rural development and entrepreneurship training programs has been widely recognized for enhancing economic opportunities in rural areas. However, the duplication of similar training initiatives can lead to market saturation, diminished returns on investments, and resource wastage. This paper examines the issues arising from the proliferation of identical training programs, focusing on the adverse effects on both established and new rural entrepreneurs. Drawing from case studies and existing literature, the paper identifies the core challenges and proposes strategic recommendations to optimize training efforts and ensure sustainable rural development.
The Impact of Digital Inclusive Finance on the Growth Path of Chinese Private Enterprises: From the Perspective of Financing Constraints
Digital inclusive finance, as an innovative financial service model, is gradually becoming an important means to alleviate financing constraints for private enterprises and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the private economy. To better leverage the role of digital inclusive finance, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms through which it promotes private economic development. This paper first explains the theoretical mechanisms by which digital inclusive finance affects the development of the private economy, focusing primarily on the perspective of financing constraints. Using panel data from 1,329 private enterprises in China from 2016 to 2022, a fixed effects model is employed to empirically analyze the impact mechanisms of digital inclusive finance on the development of the private economy nationwide. The main conclusions are as follows: From 2016 to 2022, both the digital inclusive finance index and the level of private economic development in China showed an upward trend, but significant differences exist between different cities. Through fixed effects analysis, this paper finds that digital inclusive finance promotes the development of the private economy nationwide by alleviating financing constraints.
Population Size, Market Size, and Digital Technology Innovation
The digital economy has become an important driving force for global economic development, and competition among countries around the world in the field of the digital economy is becoming increasingly fierce. Given that digital technology and digital economy have obvious economies of scale effects, population size and market size are of special importance for digital technology innovation. Based on the panel data of OECD and BRICS countries from 1996 to 2020, this paper empirically examines the impact of population size and market size on digital technology innovation using the fixed effect model. The results show that: market size will have a significant positive impact on digital technology innovation; different ages of population size will have different impacts on digital technology innovation, the population size of 20-44 years old will have a promotional effect on technological innovation, and the population size of more than 45 years old will inhibit technological innovation. Heterogeneity analysis shows that there are significant differences in the impact of population size and market size on digital technology innovation in countries with different levels of economic development, and the size of the young population aged 20-44 has a facilitating effect on digital technology innovation in low-income countries, and the market size has a facilitating effect on digital technology innovation in high-income countries. Therefore, population size and market size are the key carriers of digital technology breeding, low-income countries need to increase the advantage of market size, and high-income countries should increase the fertility rate while maintaining the market size, so as to promote the continuous innovation and development of digital technology.
Research on the Impact of Digital Finance on Urban Innovation
Innovation is the primary driving force for development and the strategic support for building a modern economic system. As an important part of implementing the innovation-driven development strategy, urban innovation is an important starting point to promote regional innovation and build an innovative country. Digital finance, as a new business form produced by the combination of digital technology and traditional finance, has a significant impact on urban innovation. Taking prefecture-level cities as the research object, this paper uses panel data model to explore the effect and mechanism of digital finance on urban innovation. The results show that: digital finance has a significant promoting effect on urban innovation, and the impact on urban innovation in different regions and different scales is obviously different; The intermediary effect analysis shows that digital finance can promote urban innovation by optimizing the supply of enterprise credit funds, expanding the scale of household consumption and improving the level of human capital. The threshold effect analysis shows that digital finance has a threshold effect on urban innovation due to its own development level, industrial structure and institutional quality. The regulatory effect analysis shows that financial regulation will weaken the promotion effect of digital finance on urban innovation to some extent. The conclusions of this study can provide reliable empirical evidence for better play the role of digital finance in promoting urban innovation capacity, and provide policy suggestions for further implementing the innovation-driven development strategy and promoting high-quality economic development.
The Role of Social Networks and Skills in Economic Activities: A Study of Extreme Povertyin Perlis
This study examines the role of social and human capital on the economic activities of the extremely poor in Perlis, Malaysia, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent government interventions. The pandemic exacerbated global poverty, severely affecting middle- and lower-income groups. In Malaysia, the government responded with the Eradication of Extreme Poverty Program for Malaysian Families (BMTKM), targeting the extreme poor to enhance their economic activities through comprehensive support. This research focuses on the extremely poor households in Perlis, using primary data collected through face-to-face surveys. The study analyzes the role of social capital—measured through networks and empowerment and human capital, including education and skills, in income generation. The findings reveal that both forms of capital significantly influence income levels, with the impact intensifying after the introduction of the BMT program. The research highlights the importance of combining social and human capital to improve economic outcomes for the extremely poor, emphasizing the need for targeted government interventions that leverage these assets to achieve sustainable income growth. The study's results underscore the critical role of social networks, decision-making capabilities, and training in enhancing economic resilience among Malaysia’s most vulnerable populations.
Proposed Model of Corporate Governance Initiative at Hospital Industries inIndonesia
Corporate governance in hospital is an aspect that is closely related to ensuring the quality of health services. There are several hospital governance problems, including unclear policies and procedures related to patient safety. Non-compliance with established regulations and safety standards can increase the risk of incidents that harm patients. Ineffective leadership often leads to decisions that are not based on data or patient needs, resulting in suboptimal care. A poor risk management system also allows hospitals to fail to identify and manage risks that could endanger patients. A lack o ongoing training and skill updates for staff can result in staff being less prepared to handle emergency situations or changes in medical practice. Hospitals often do not implement risk mitigation plans in providing services, thereby affecting patient safety. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing corporate governance in the hospital industry in Indonesia. The data used was obtained from several references on the internet media in the form of books, journals, articles, and others. The results of this study indicate that corporate governance in hospitals is an important concept that involves various aspects such as management, finance, and regulatory compliance. In addition, a reliable management information system that supports good corporate governance is essential to improve service quality and operational efficiency of hospitals. Regular risk evaluation and transparency in decision-making and hospital operations are integral parts of the Internal Control System (ICS). The implementation of good corporate governance in hospitals can help create a work environment that is safe, efficient and focused on the needs of patients. Companies with better governance tend to experience lower levels of earnings management, suggesting a negative relationship between governance and earnings management practices. This research is expected to be useful and beneficial for related parties. Companies should consider governance mechanisms related to shareholder and board protection to ensure better operational sustainability.
Does Digital Economy Matter the Green Transformation of Manufacturing Industry?
In the context of the dual carbon target and the evolving green development stage, the digital economy emerges as a crucial catalyst for the green transformation of the manufacturing industry. This paper meticulously investigates the impact of the digital economy on the green transformation of manufacturing, employing panel data sourced from 263 Chinese cities spanning the period from 2011 to 2019. The key findings are as follows: (1) The digital economy significantly propels the green transformation of the manufacturing industry. Importantly, after a series of robustness tests, the conclusion remains significant. (2) Through spatial spillover effects, the digital economy plays a pivotal role in fostering the green transformation of manufacturing in neighbouring regions. (3) The positive impact of the digital economy on the green transformation of the manufacturing industry is particularly pronounced in non-resource cities, central cities, and pilot cities of big data pilot zones. (4) Financial development exhibits a negative moderating effect on the green transformation of the manufacturing industry, whereas urban innovation potential demonstrates a positive moderating effect. Our findings offer empirical insights that contribute to a deeper understanding of how the manufacturing industry navigates the path of green transformation in the wake of the digital economy's development.
Impact of Green Accounting, Environmental Performance, and Company Size on theProfitability of the Energy Sector: A Study of Indonesian Companies (2019-2023)
The energy sector is an economic sector that requires large capital investments. In conducting their activities, investors will look at the profitability of a company when investing their capital. The energy sector is one of the contributors to state revenue that attracts investors. However, the activities carried out by companies in this sector have environmental impacts, which affect their profitability. In efforts to account for the environment, the field of accounting that plays an important role is green accounting. Green accounting is not the only aspect that determines profitability; environmental performance is equally important. Companies that consistently demonstrate both qualities will enhance their value in the public. The purpose of this research is to assess the impact of green accounting, environmental performance, and company size on the profitability of the energy sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019-2023, utilizing secondary data from annual reports and sustainability reports. The sample size consists of 13 companies using a purposive sampling approach. The approach used is a quantitative method, with statistical testing using Eviews, involving data analysis that includes descriptive analysis, panel data regression analysis, classica assumption test analysis, and hypothesis testing. The results of the study show that, partially, environmental performance and company size affect profitability, but green accounting does not. This research is expected to be used by companies to evaluate the implementation of green accounting and environmental performance in order to enhance environmental interests, achieve a good corporate image, and generate profits in line with the company's objectives by conducting environmental activities.
Brewing Profits: A Study of Cost Management Practices in Coffee Shops in Indonesia
This research is narrative qualitative research with a case study approach entitled " Brewing Profits: A Study of Cost Management Practices in Coffee Shops in Indonesia." The purpose of this study is to analyze the strategies used by coffee shops to maintain their sales and control their costs. The study was conducted in two different types of coffeeshop which are local coffee shops and national franchise coffee shops. Both coffee shops are located in Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and direct observation. The results showed that cost control, business location, and selling price determination are the main factors affecting coffee shop income. Cost control involves monitoring operationa expenses and efficient use of raw materials. A strategic business location contributes to an increase in the number of customers and sales. Determining the right selling price allows coffee shops to remain competitive while optimizing profit. The conclusion of this study shows that coffee shops in Purwokerto tend to implement effective strategies to maintain their sales. Cost control is done by efficient inventory monitoring and management. Factors such as location, reputation, selling price, and promotion play an important role in influencing the income of coffee shops in Purwokerto. This study implies that coffee shops need to pay attention to the determinants of income to achieve business success. By understanding the factors that affect income, coffee shops can design effective marketing strategies, encourage product innovation and differentiation, and understand the importance of good financial management, including recording sales transactions.
Entrepreneurship as an Economic Development Vehicle for Rural Communities
The objective of this paper is to identify the role of entrepreneurship and its effectiveness in uplifting the socio-economic status and alleviating poverty in rural areas in the Northern region of Malaysia, specifically in Perlis, Kedah, Penang, and Perak. The study measures the outcomes of entrepreneur development programs, focusing on income increases, job creation, promotion of digitalization, and business expansion beyond local borders. The research examines various factors and interventions made through the entrepreneurship program in relation to socio-economic status, poverty alleviation, income levels, job creation, and business expansion. Data collected from 2019 to 2024, fully verified through both qualitative and quantitative methods, indicate significant positive outcomes from the implemented programs. The study assesses specific strategies such as profiling studies, customized training programs, provision of starter kits, community-based approaches, and the establishment of supply chains tailored to the unique needs of each area. The findings conclude that targeted and context- specific entrepreneurship interventions significantly contribute to sustainable socio-economic development in rural areas. Key success factors include local and federal cooperation, support from financing bodies, and tailored programs, driving long-term economic resilience and reducing socioeconomic disparities, particularly among women, youth, and indigenous communities. This paper contributes to the understanding of the factors that encourage rural entrepreneurship and their broader impacts on socio-economic development, providing valuable insights and recommendations for policymakers and practitioners to enhance the effectiveness of rural entrepreneurship programs in Malaysia and beyond.
Predicting Customer Satisfaction Based on Service Innovation Mediated by CustomerValue: An Empirical Evidence from IELTS Indonesia
In the ever-evolving landscape of language proficiency assessment, the advent of Computer- Based Testing (CBT) within the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) marks a pivotal moment of innovation in the existing service of the organizations. Service innovation plays a crucial role by offering businesses a competitive edge and enhancing customer satisfaction. By introducing new and improved services, companies can differentiate themselves in the market, and meet evolving customer needs. Customer value plays a crucial role in understanding the relationship between service innovation and customer satisfaction. It serves as the bridge that connects the features and benefits of a service innovation with the overall satisfaction experienced by the customers. This study is a survey research on Customer Satisfaction through service innovation, mediated by customer value in IELTS Indonesia. Signaling Theory was chosen to explain this selected phenomenon from the organizational concern. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of Service Innovation on Customer Satisfaction mediated by Customer Value. The population in this study was customers of IELTS CBT in Indonesia. Snowball sampling techniques were applied and 150 respondents were included as the sample. Data analysis using SPSS-23 concludes that Service Innovation has a positive and significant effect on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Value. Besides, Customer Value has a positive and significant effect on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Value mediates the effect of Service Innovation on Customer Satisfaction. It also clarifies the application of Signaling theory in organizational contexts.
Exploring the Mediating Role of Relational Social Commerce Capability in EnhancingMarketing Performance: A Study on Social Media Marketing Strategies in CulinaryMSMEs in Indonesia
From the perspective of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSME), the purpose of this study is to investigate the role that relational e-commerce capability plays. The use of social media in the business world has grown at an alarming rate over the past ten years. Companies that have a marketing strategy that involves making effective and appropriate use of social media are confident that they will reap the benefits of their social media performance. The truth is that social media has not yet lived up to the hype that it increased sales, return on investment, and customer-based competitive advantages. The inconsistency of the results encourages researchers to dedicate a significant amount of attention to the study of social media. The culinary micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSME) in Indonesia were the focus of this study, which utilized the survey method. For the purpose of this study, a quantitative methodology is utilized, which entails the collection of data and then the analysis of the data through the utilization of the purposive sampling method. For the purpose of putting the empirical model through test the data that was obtained for this study was the result of a questionnaire. This research showed that the marketing strateg for social media has no effect on the overall marketing performance of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSME). An additional discovery is that the capability of relational s-commerce has been demonstrated to act as a mediator in the connection between the social marketing strategy and marketing performance. The purpose of this study is to encourage owners of micro, small, and medium sized enterprises (MSMEs) to begin maximizing their use of social media marketing in order to achieve successful marketing results. In addition, because the relational commercial capability has been demonstrated to be mediating, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) need to be able to assist customers in making pre-purchase decisions as well as post-purchase behaviors in order to be successful in the business environment because of this.
Developing Digital Capital Index: Case study of Hardcore Poor Household in Perlis
This paper aims to construct a Digital Capital Index (DCI) among the hardcore poverty population in Perlis. This study utilize data from face-to-face surveys conducted with 315 households participating in the Keluarga Malaysia Hardcore Poverty Eradication Programme (BMTKM) across three parliamentary constituencies—Kangar, Arau, and Padang Besar—the study employs Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to develop the DCI, while crosstab analysis is used to examine the relationship between the index with income and various occupational groups among head of household. Results reveal that the average score for digital capital index among the hardcore poor in Perlis is a moderate level. Further analysis shows that gender and rural residency significantly influence digital capital levels. The findings underscore the need for targeted government interventions, such as localized digital literacy programs and improved digital infrastructure, to bridge the digital divide and enhance economic opportunities for the hardcore poor. The study contributes to policy discussions on poverty reduction by demonstrating the critical role of digital capital in alleviating poverty and economic disparities.
Farmer’s Intention to Adopt Technology in Paddy Farming in Malaysia
Malaysia is a prominent rice consumer, there is a significant need to boost rice production as the demand for rice rises due to growing populations. However, local rice production remains low and cannot reach national self-sufficiency. The lower production of rice is due to a few factors such as climate change, aging farmers, low involvement of younger people and many factors. Thus, the government believe that to maximise input efficiency is through the use of technology. The implementation of technology can be seen through the use of mechanization technology such harvester, tractors, seedling machine and blower in paddy farming process. However, it was discovered that the farmers still had some adoption issues and there are many factors that influencing the level of technology adoption. Therefore, this paper aims to determine the intention to adopt the mechanization technology among the paddy farmers and factors influencing it. Primary data were obtained through a face-to-face survey by using a structured questionnaire. A total of 315 respondents of MADA and 295 respondents of KADA actively involved in paddy cultivation were interviewed. Based on the findings, it was found that majority paddy farmers in MADA have moderate level of intention to use the mechanization technology while on the other hand, the majority paddy farmers in KADA have high intention to use the mechanization technology. The varying levels of intention to adopt mechanization technology among paddy farmers in the MADA and KADA regions of Malaysia have notable impacts on their agricultural productivity and economic sustainability. This study highlights the importance of tailored policy measures to address specific regional challenges. By fostering a supportive environment for mechanization in both regions, policymakers can promote widespread adoption of advanced technologies, leading to improved agricultural productivity, economic resilience, and sustainability across Malaysia's paddy farming communities.
Research on the Characteristics of High-Level Talents in Culture and Tourism Industryand Education Mode for its Development
It is quite important to strengthen the training of high-level talents in culture and tourism industry to boost the high-quality development of China's tourism industry.Based on big data mining technology, this paper selects 12 cities of different sizes in 58 cities as research objects, and uses word frequency analysis and semantic network analysis to explore the status quo, trend, demand characteristics and industry talent structure of urban tourism recruitment.The results show that job seekers are most concerned about social security and welfare, as well as living costs, such as accommodation, meals and five insurances and one fund, rather than flexibility in salary negotiations, indicating that job seekers pay more attention to stability and quality of life.The recruitment positions cover tour guides, tourism consultants, scenic spot management, hotel services and other aspects, which reflects the diversified demand for talents in the tourism industry.The connection between different positions indicates that the tourism industry may be more inclined to recruit comprehensive talents with various abilities, such as "technology", "operation" and other technology-related positions, which may indicate that the tourism industry is transforming to digital.In addition, regional differentiation isalso widespread, and relevant policysuggestions to promote tourismeducation are given.
Turning the Tide: IPR-BMT Quest for Financial Empowerment
The "People Income Initiative" (IPR-BMT), also known as the "Eradicate Hardcore Poverty" (BMT) program, is a governmental initiative aimed at eradicating poverty in Malaysia. Aligned with the global agenda of achieving a world of three zeros and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030, the program focuses on providing financial empowerment and addressing socio-economic disparities. This case study explores the implementation and financial impact of the IPR-BMT program at the individual level. The program's collaborative nature involves multiple federal and state agencies working together to achieve significant economic changes. This study examines the strategic approaches and synergistic efforts to achieve financial empowerment. The findings underscore the program's commitment to holistic and sustainable poverty eradication through coordinated efforts at various administrative levels. Insights are provided into financial challenges, successes, and lessons learned from the IPR-BMT program, highlighting a strategic model for empowering the poor. This case study offers valuable perspectives for similar initiatives in other regions, demonstrating how integrated and collaborative approaches can effectively tackle poverty.
An Evaluation of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) from IslamicPerspectives
Environmental, social and governance (ESG) is increasingly becoming a crucial aspect of tolerance for firms when dealing with investments. By engaging with ESG, firms will be able to attract more investors and invest in ethical and responsible investments. Apart from contributing towards responsible investments, engagement with ESG also means firms are supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) as outlined by the United Nations (UN) which help to promote sustainable development. A number of literatures has been highlighting fundamental similarities between ESG, SDG and maqasid al-Shariah. Basically, all three principles focus on addressing benefits for human beings now and in the future. Nevertheless, even though their fundamental values are the same, some specific components of practice are different.