DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND ITS ROLE IN SPATIAL ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This study provides a systematic literature review (SLR) of 17 empirical studies published between 2021 and 2026, examining the role of the digital economy in rural and agricultural development. The findings indicate that digitalization significantly improves rural income, agricultural productivity, and household resilience. However, evidence also suggests that digital transformation may exacerbate inequality in the absence of inclusive policies. Four major themes emerge: (1) digital technology adoption, (2) economic impacts on income and productivity, (3) inequality and digital divide, and (4) mechanisms and enabling factors. The study highlights the importance of digital infrastructure, human capital, and inclusive policies to ensure equitable benefits of digital transformation in rural areas.